What does doer or source marker mean?

Definition

Japanese particle marking who does the action in a passive sentence, who is made or allowed to act in a causative one, or who something is borrowed or received from.

Example sentences

• I had my book borrowed by a friend.🔊

  I had my book borrowed by a friend.

• I borrowed a book from a friend.🔊

  I borrowed a book from a friend.

• The teacher asked my name.🔊

  The teacher asked my name.

doer or source marker in other languages

• In Portuguese
• In French
• In Japanese