Because, but, so, when and if in French

Level A2

Because, but, so, when and if in French

Use parce que for a reason, mais for a contrast and donc for a result. Quand connects actions in time, while si introduces a condition. These links work much like their English equivalents, but French chooses different verb tenses after future quand and si. In the reason example, parce que becomes parce qu’ before elle.

Explain why with parce que

situation parce que raison.

Contrast two ideas with mais

situation mais contraste.

Introduce a result with donc

situation, donc conséquence.

Link actions in time with quand

action quand repère temporel.

Introduce a possible condition with si

Si condition, conséquence possible.

Quand: asking when or saying when

The question word quand, which you already know, asks for a time: “Tu veux partir quand ?” means “When do you want to go?” Putting quand at the end is common in spoken questions. This example uses informal tu, suitable for friends, family and people you address on familiar terms; use vous for formal address or more than one person.

In “Je prends généralement une douche quand je me lève.”, quand connects two actions instead of asking for information. Like English “when”, French quand has both uses, and the present tense here describes a routine.

Future after quand, present after si

For a future event, French uses a future verb after quand: “Je ferai la vaisselle quand je rentrerai à la maison.” English says “when I get home” with a present form, but French uses rentrerai here.

A possible future condition follows a different pattern: si plus the present, then a future result, as in “S'il pleut demain, je travaillerai chez moi.” Do not put a future form immediately after si in this conditional pattern. Si becomes s’ before il, giving s’il. The condition can also come last, as in “J’irai me promener si j’ai le temps.”

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