Future perfect and ongoing actions in French

Level B2

Future perfect and ongoing actions in French

French distinguishes what will be completed from what will still be happening at a future point. It has a future perfect, called the futur antérieur, but English “will have been working” often needs a different construction. The examples use both on and nous for “we”: on is especially common in conversation and takes a singular verb, while nous is common in more formal writing. Ça is especially common in conversation; cela is more formal. Vous can address one person politely or several people.

Accumuler: building up savings and data

Completed by a future point: the futur antérieur

Quand événement au futur simple, sujet action au futur antérieur.

Still in progress: sera encore en train de

Repère futur, sujet être au futur simple encore en train de activité à l’infinitif.

Duration with ça fera… que and depuis

D’ici repère futur, cela fera durée que sujet activité au présent.

Enough savings or data by a future deadline

Repère futur, sujet avoir au futur simple accumulé quantité suffisante pour objectif à l’infinitif.

Using future tenses after quand

Unlike English “when you arrive,” French uses a future tense after quand when the event is in the future: “Quand vous arriverez, on aura terminé la première série de tests.” The completed action uses the futur antérieur, formed here with future avoir plus a past participle, as in “aura terminé” or “aurons réglé.”

French has no separate continuous tense corresponding to “will still be testing,” so “on sera encore en train de tester” uses future être plus encore en train de and an infinitive to emphasize an activity still in progress. To count an ongoing activity's duration at a future point, use future faire plus a duration and que, keeping the activity in the present: “D’ici vendredi, ça fera six mois qu’on travaille sur ce projet.” Another option uses a future-tense activity with depuis plus a duration: “En juin prochain, le service fonctionnera depuis un an,” where depuis means “for” rather than introducing a starting date.

For a total reached by a deadline, d’ici means “by” and the futur antérieur presents the accumulated result, as in “on aura accumulé assez d’économies,” with assez de or suffisamment de expressing “enough.”

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