Qualifying claims and generalizations in French

Level B2

Qualifying claims and generalizations in French

These expressions help you distinguish a broad trend from a claim about every case. French uses avoir tendance à followed by an infinitive for “tend to,” while en général leaves room for exceptions without listing them. In the predictions here, probablement follows the conjugated verb va or vont and precedes the infinitive, much as “probably” follows “will” in English “will probably rise”; pourrait and pourraient express a further possibility. Dans une certaine mesure limits degree, while sauf and excepté introduce a named exception; these expressions do not themselves mark formal or informal address.

Expressions for tendencies, probability, degree and exceptions

Describing tendencies with ont tendance à + infinitive

sujet au pluriel ont tendance à action à l’infinitif.

Making a general assessment with en général

En général, constat.

Likely outcomes with probablement; possibilities with pourrait or pourraient

sujet verbe conjugué probablement suite de la proposition, mais autre possibilité.

Partial agreement or success: dans une certaine mesure

constat dans une certaine mesure, mais limite.

Excluding a case with sauf or excepté

constat général, sauf cas exclu.

Tous, pas tous and aucun: all, not all and none

“Tous les clients préfèrent payer en ligne” covers every customer in the group under discussion, while “Tous nos clients préfèrent payer en ligne” explicitly limits the claim to our customers. French uses tous les clients but tous nos clients, with no les before nos.

“Ce ne sont pas tous les clients qui préfèrent payer en ligne” means “not all customers”: it rejects the universal claim without saying that none prefer it. Keep the structure ce ne sont pas tous… qui… to make that scope clear, using tous nos clients when you mean our customers.

“Aucun des clients ne préfère payer en ligne” means “none of the customers,” with a singular verb and ne but no pas; unlike English, the two negative elements work together to express one negation. For “none of our customers,” use aucun de nos clients, keeping the same singular verb and ne.

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