Conditions and limits in French

Level B2

Conditions and limits in French

These patterns let you set a condition, name an exception, prepare for a possibility, or say that the outcome stays the same across alternatives. Pay attention to the connector and verb form. Tu addresses one familiar person; vous addresses someone formally or several people. Nous suits the formal examples, while on means “we” in everyday conversation. Veuillez introduces a formal, polite instruction.

Words for conditions, exceptions, and alternatives

Say an outcome happens only if a condition is met

Résultat ne se produit que si condition.

Say what will happen unless an exception occurs

Résultat habituel à moins que exception.

Take a precaution in case something happens

Précaution à prendre au cas où situation possible.

Distinguish a requirement from a precaution

“Seulement si” makes approval a necessary condition, without saying that approval alone guarantees payment: “Nous débloquerons le paiement seulement si les travaux sont jugés conformes lors de l’inspection.” The pattern “ne…que si” also means “only if”: ne…que expresses restriction, not negation. After conditional si, French uses the indicative; for the future conditions shown here, use the present rather than the future or subjunctive.

“Au cas où” introduces a possibility you prepare for: “Veuillez conserver une copie au cas où l’original serait perdu.” It takes the conditional, unlike English “in case”; the possible event motivates a precaution rather than being a requirement for taking it.

“À moins que” takes the subjunctive, as in “à moins que nous recevions une annulation”. The optional ne in “à moins que la pluie ne s’invite” does not make the clause negative.

For an outcome that holds across alternatives, use que…ou (que) with the subjunctive: “J'y vais, que tu viennes avec moi ou que tu restes ici.” English “whether…or” does not require a corresponding subjunctive form. When the alternatives share a verb, it need not be repeated: “que vous payiez en ligne ou au guichet”.

Show that the outcome stays the same either way

Même résultat, que alternative 1 ou alternative 2.

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