Because, but, so, when and if in Brazilian Portuguese

Level A2

Because, but, so, when and if in Brazilian Portuguese

Use porque to give a reason, mas to contrast ideas and então to introduce a result. Quando links actions in time, while se introduces a condition. English usually uses present forms after future “when” and “if”, but Portuguese uses the future subjunctive in these patterns. The informal lines include tá for está, pro for para o and a gente for “we”; more formal wording generally uses está, para o and nós.

Give a reason with porque

Ação porque motivo.

Contrast two ideas with mas

Ideia, mas ideia contrastante.

Introduce a result with então

Situação, então resultado.

Link actions in time with quando

Ação quando outra ação.

Describe a possible condition with se

Se condição possível, resultado futuro.

Quando: asking a question or linking actions

The question word quando, which you already know, asks what time something happens: “Quando você quer ir?” means “When do you want to go?” Here, você is marked informal for everyday conversation; o senhor and a senhora provide explicitly respectful forms of address.

In “Geralmente tomo banho quando acordo.”, quando links showering to waking up instead of asking a question. English also uses “when” for both jobs, so look at whether the sentence asks for a time or connects two actions. Acordo is present tense because this sentence describes a routine.

Verb forms after future quando and se

In “Vou lavar a louça quando chegar em casa.”, chegar is the future subjunctive: it places arriving home in the future, even though its form looks like the infinitive. English uses the present in “when I get home”, so do not copy that present form into this Portuguese pattern.

For a possible future condition, se also takes the future subjunctive: “Se chover amanhã, vou trabalhar em casa.” Chover has the same form as its infinitive, but tiver in “Vou dar uma caminhada se tiver tempo.” is an irregular future subjunctive form of ter. The main clause uses vou plus an infinitive to say what will happen. You can put the condition first or last; use a comma when it comes first.

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