Conditions and limits in Brazilian Portuguese

Level B2

Conditions and limits in Brazilian Portuguese

These patterns express necessary conditions, exceptions, precautions, and outcomes that stay the same whichever alternative occurs. The examples cover professional and familiar situations, but their language can mix registers: a gente means “we,” takes a third-person singular verb, and is conversational even in the booking example. Você is common in Brazilian Portuguese and does not itself mark formal address. Por favor, guarde is a polite instruction; leva is common in familiar speech, including with você. Quer … quer sounds relatively formal or emphatic, even in the example addressed to a friend.

Words for conditions, exceptions, and alternatives

Say an outcome happens only if a condition is met

resultado só se condição necessária no futuro do subjuntivo.

Say what will happen unless an exception occurs

resultado previsto a menos que exceção no presente do subjuntivo.

Take a precaution in case something happens

ação preventiva caso situação possível no presente do subjuntivo.

Distinguish a requirement from a precaution

“Só se” sets a necessary condition without making it sufficient: in “Vamos liberar o pagamento só se o serviço for aprovado na vistoria,” approval is required for payment. For a prospective condition like this, use the future subjunctive after só se: for is from ser, and devolver in the car example is a future subjunctive form that looks identical to the infinitive. English normally uses the present indicative here: “only if the work passes.”

“A menos que” introduces an exception and takes the present subjunctive in these examples: receba and chova. “Caso” also takes the present subjunctive here: se perca and esteja. In “Por favor, guarde uma cópia caso o original se perca,” keeping a copy is a precaution taken in advance; losing the original is not a requirement for keeping it. Caso can also mean “if”; the precautionary meaning comes from this context. In the keys example, quando você voltar uses the future subjunctive because it refers to a future return.

“Quer … quer” introduces alternatives that leave the outcome unchanged. These examples use the present subjunctive: pague, venha, and fique. Unlike English “whether … or,” Portuguese repeats quer before the second alternative.

Show that the outcome stays the same either way

resultado invariável, quer primeira alternativa no presente do subjuntivo, quer segunda alternativa no presente do subjuntivo.

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