English -ity Words in Brazilian Portuguese

Level A2

English -ity Words in Brazilian Portuguese

Many English nouns ending in -ity have a similar word in Portuguese ending in -idade or -dade. This can help you recognize words such as activity and responsabilidade, but check the rest of the word and its meaning too. City, pity, and commodity show why the ending is only a clue.

Everyday words ending in -ity

Common English and Portuguese endings

Using the words in everyday phrases

Many everyday English nouns ending in -ity have a Portuguese match ending in -idade, such as activity → atividade and quality → qualidade. The meanings are often similar. For example, “Nadar é minha atividade favorita” means “Swimming is my favorite activity,” and “A qualidade da comida é excelente” means “The food is excellent quality.” Portuguese phrases may use a different structure. For example, say “Há possibilidade de chuva amanhã” (“There’s a possibility of rain tomorrow”): de comes before what may happen. Learn each word with its Portuguese form and an example phrase.

Notice changes inside the word

The ending often changes from -ity to -idade, but the stem may change too: activity becomes atividade, with activ- becoming ativ-, and responsibility becomes responsabilidade, with responsibil- becoming responsabil-. Other stems stay the same, as in quality → qualidade and possibility → possibilidade. Liberty ends in -ty, not -ity: in liberty → liberdade, liber- stays the same and -ty corresponds to -dade. Learn these whole-word correspondences rather than applying one spelling rule to every word. In “É minha responsabilidade dar comida pro cachorro,” pro is an informal contraction of para o, common in Brazilian speech. Use para o in more formal writing.

Where the pattern stops

City → cidade has a different stem correspondence, cit- → cid-. Pity does not follow the pattern: use pena, as in “É uma pena que a loja esteja fechada.” Commodity is a false friend of comodidade: in trade, commodity means a basic product or raw material, while comodidade means convenience or comfort. Praticidade works for convenience when you mean how easy or practical something is, as in “Gosto da praticidade de comprar pela internet”; other contexts may call for comodidade or conveniência. Conforto is a common translation of comfort. In “A gente mora numa cidade pequena,” a gente means we and takes a third-person singular verb: mora. It is common in informal speech; nós moramos is an alternative suitable for more formal contexts. Check each word’s meaning rather than assuming that every English -ity word maps to Portuguese -idade.

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