Passive voice and responsibility in Brazilian Portuguese

Level B2

Passive voice and responsibility in Brazilian Portuguese

Choose your starting point according to what matters: who acted, what changed or the topic already under discussion. English “has changed” often corresponds to the simple past in these examples; “tem mudado” would normally suggest repeated or continuing changes. “Mudaram” can leave the people responsible unidentified, without an explicit equivalent of English “they”. In the dialogues, “o senhor” is respectful address to a man, while “te” marks familiar address; English “you” does not show this distinction.

Two meanings of “by”: “por” for the agent, “até” for a deadline

Name who acted: “O gerente alterou…”

agente mudou elemento afetado.

Put what changed first: “O horário de abertura foi alterado…”

elemento afetado foi particípio da ação (por agente).

Leave who acted unnamed with third-person plural “Mudaram…”

Mudaram elemento afetado.

Introduce the topic with “Quanto ao…” or put it directly at the front

Quanto a assunto, nós pronome que retoma o assunto mudamos.

How naming or omitting the agent changes the message

In “O horário de abertura foi alterado pelo gerente.”, the passive uses a form of “ser” plus a past participle, which agrees in gender and number with the affected subject, unlike an English participle. “Pelo” combines “por” and “o”, identifying the manager as the person who acted. “O horário de abertura foi alterado.” leaves responsibility unstated because it is unknown, understood or outside the speaker’s focus; that omission can also sound evasive when someone asks who acted.

Both “alterado” and “mudado” are correct here, though “alterado” is especially common in administrative wording. The more formal “Quanto ao horário de abertura, nós o alteramos.” resumes the topic with the object pronoun “o”, referring to “horário”. In conversational “O horário de abertura, a gente mudou.”, the understood object is omitted and “a gente” takes a singular verb despite meaning “we”.

A service conversation: explain the change and accept responsibility using “o senhor”

A familiar conversation: “a gente”, “te” and the direct admission “Fui eu”

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