Brazilian Portuguese Demonstratives: este, esse and aquele

Level A1

Brazilian Portuguese Demonstratives: este, esse and aquele

This lesson teaches how Brazilian Portuguese points to people and things near the speaker, near the listener, or farther away. You’ll see how este, esse, and aquele change for gender and number, and how isto, isso, and aquilo work for unnamed things. It also explains the traditional three-way distinction and the common use of esse in everyday Brazilian speech.

Words for pointing and showing location

Demonstratives change for gender and number

Pointing to unnamed things

Isto é identificação.

The careful three-way distinction

With a noun: speaker-nearFor an unnamed thing: speaker-nearLocation: hereWith a noun: listener-nearFor an unnamed thing: listener-near
esteistoaquiEste livro aqui é novo.O que é isto aqui?
esseissoaíEssa cadeira aí é pequena.O que é isso aí?
aqueleaquiloláAquele carro lá é velho.O que é aquilo lá?

How people often use demonstratives in conversation

In the careful distinction taught here, este and isto point near the speaker, esse and isso point near the listener, and aquele and aquilo point farther away. The location words often pair with them: aqui means here, aí points to the listener’s area, and lá means over there. English “this” and “that” do not show this three-way distinction, so an English speaker may use esse where careful usage calls for este.

In everyday Brazilian speech, esse is also very common for something near the speaker. For example, people may say “Esse livro aqui é novo.” You may hear both “Este livro aqui é novo” and “Esse livro aqui é novo”; the first follows the careful distinction, while the second is common in conversation.

Two common ways to say “this book here”

Careful usageCommon conversational usage
Este livro aqui é novo.Esse livro aqui é novo.

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