Qualifying claims and generalizations in Brazilian Portuguese

Level B2

Qualifying claims and generalizations in Brazilian Portuguese

Use these expressions to describe trends, give cautious predictions and limit an assessment without making it sound universal. Like English “tend to,” tendem takes a before an infinitive: tendem a tomar describes a tendency, while em geral allows for exceptions without naming them. Provavelmente marks likelihood, whereas até certo ponto limits how far an assessment applies; place each expression close to the claim it qualifies. Exceto names an exception, and fora can mean “apart from,” as in the example about delivery charges.

Expressions for tendencies, likelihood, limits and exceptions

Describing a tendency: tende or tendem a + infinitive

grupo tende(m) a infinitivo.

Allowing for exceptions with em geral

Em geral, afirmação.

A likely outcome with provavelmente; another possibility with podem

sujeito provavelmente predicado, mas outra possibilidade.

Limiting an assessment with até certo ponto

avaliação até certo ponto, mas limitação.

Naming exceptions with exceto and fora

afirmação sobre um conjunto, exceto exceção.

All, not all and none: defining the group, the claim and the scope of a qualification

“Todos os clientes preferem pagar pela internet” includes every customer in the group under discussion, while “Todos os nossos clientes preferem pagar pela internet” explicitly restricts that group to our customers. Unlike English “all our customers,” the Portuguese form shown keeps the article os before nossos, and todos agrees with the plural noun.

“Nem todos os clientes preferem pagar pela internet” means “not all”: there are exceptions, but it does not mean that nobody prefers it. “Nenhum dos clientes prefere pagar pela internet” means “none of the customers,” and nenhum takes the singular verb prefere. To restrict either negative claim to our customers, use nem todos os nossos clientes or nenhum dos nossos clientes.

Keep a qualification with the clause it limits: in “A demanda provavelmente vai aumentar, mas os preços podem continuar iguais,” provavelmente qualifies the demand prediction, while podem separately presents a possibility about prices.

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