英語の形容詞
「いい」「古い」「高い」のように、人や物のようすを説明する言葉が形容詞です。英語の形容詞は日本語と同じく名詞の前に置きますが、「高くない」「簡単な」のように形が変わることはなく、いつも同じ形です。そのかわり、「〜は…です」と言うときは is や are が必ず要ります。
この課の形容詞(反対の意味の言葉とペアで覚える)
「〜は…です」の形:is・are のあとに形容詞を置く
The wateriscold
The water is cold.
The weather is bad today.
This exercise is easy.
This question is difficult.
The kitchen is dirty.
Her hair is long.
This bag is heavy.
These shoes are expensive.
Are these shoes new?
形容詞を名詞の前に置く形(いい本・古い家)
agoodbook
This is a good book.
She's a good teacher.
I have bad news.
What a beautiful day!
Lisbon is a beautiful city.
I have a new phone.
We live in an old house.
Japanese is a difficult language.
They have a large garden.
I have a small car.
形容詞の位置:名詞の前か、is・are のあと
英語の形容詞は、日本語と同じように名詞の前に置きます:a good book(いい本)、an old house(古い家)。a と an は次に来る言葉の最初の音で決まるので、old の前では an になります:We live in an old house. 形容詞をふたつ並べるときは、日本語の「小さくて安い」の「くて」にあたる形はなく、コンマでつなぐだけです:It's a small, cheap hotel.
「水が冷たい」は日本語では形容詞だけで言えますが、英語では is・are を必ず入れて The water is cold. と言います(The water cold. とは言いません)。They have a large garden. の large は「大きい」で、ふだんの会話では big もよく使います。日本語の「高い」は、値段なら expensive、背なら tall と、英語では別の言葉になります。
This is a good book.
We live in an old house.
It's a small, cheap hotel.
It's an old, ugly building.
形容詞は形が変わらない(二つ以上でも、否定でも)
英語の形容詞は、名詞が一つでも二つ以上でも同じ形です:This bag is heavy. These shoes are expensive. 変わるのは is と are だけで、expensive に -s はつきません。「古くて醜い」も It's an old, ugly building. のように、どちらの形容詞もそのままです。
日本語では「高い → 高くない」「簡単だ → 簡単じゃない」と形容詞の終わりを変えて否定しますが、英語では is のあとに not を置くだけです:It isn't easy. It's not expensive. また、日本語の「高くないですよ」は主語なしで言えますが、英語では It's のように it を主語に入れます。
This bag is heavy.
These shoes are expensive.
The water is cold.
These apples are really good.
It's an old, ugly building.
It isn't easy.
It's not expensive.
very・really で「とても」「本当に」(形容詞の前に置く)
The recipeisveryeasy
The recipe is very easy.
My car is very old.
The soup is very hot.
The coffee here is really good.
This sweater is really ugly.
会話:友だちに新しい部屋のことを聞く(くだけた話し方)
- A
So, how's your new apartment?
- B
It's small, but it's really beautiful.
- A
Is it expensive?
- B
No, it's pretty cheap.
- A
And the neighborhood?
- B
Quiet and very clean. I love it!
会話:お店でバッグを選ぶ(店員とていねいに話す)
- A
Good afternoon, can I help you?
- B
Yes, I'm looking for a new bag.
- A
This one is beautiful, and it's not expensive.
- B
Yes, but it's a bit heavy.
- A
Then try this one. It's small and light.
- B
Perfect, I'll take it.