英語の there is・there are と場所の言い方（ある・いる・どこ）
日本語では物には「ある」、人や動物には「いる」を使い分けます。英語ではどちらも There is / There are で言い、物の数によって is と are を選びます。このレッスンでは、何かがあるかないかを言う・聞く言い方と、Where is …? で場所をたずね、here・there で答える言い方を学びます。
場所を指す言葉：ここは here、そこやあそこは there、どこは where
There is / There are ＋物や人＋場所：「〜に…がある・いる」（ひとつなら is、ふたつ以上なら are）
There's / There are a bakery on this street.
There's a bakery on this street.
There are three chairs in the kitchen.
There are two cats under the bed.
There's someone at the door.
There are two beds in this room.
There's a box on the wardrobe.
あるかどうかを聞くときは Is there …?、ないと言うときは There isn't …
Is there / There isn't a sofa in the living room
Is there a pharmacy near here?
Is there a sofa in the living room?
There isn't a bathroom here.
There's no milk in the fridge.
「…はどこですか」とたずねる言い方：ひとつなら Where is、ふたつ以上なら Where are
Where is…?
Where's the train station?
Where is the kitchen?
Where is the bathroom?
Where are my keys?
知っている物や人がどこにあるか・いるかを言う：The … is here.
The bathroom is over there.
Your phone is here, on the table.
The bathroom is over there.
The bakery is on this street.
No, it's over there, next to the bank.
I live there, in that blue house.
Come here, please.
Put it there, please.
初めて話に出す物は There is、知っている物は The … is で場所を言う
初めて話に出す物、つまり日本語で「パン屋が」と「が」で言う物は、There is で言います：There's a bakery on this street. 物がふたつ以上なら There are です。日本語の「ある」と「いる」の区別は英語にはなく、猫や人にも同じ形を使います：There are two cats under the bed.
相手もすでに知っている物、つまり「パン屋は」と「は」で言う物は、the をつけて主語にし、be動詞のあとに場所を言います：The bakery is on this street. 「が」なら There is、「は」なら The … is と覚えておくと迷いません。
There's a bakery on this street.
The bakery is on this street.
会話：近くに薬局があるか道をたずねる（Excuse me. で声をかける）
- A
Excuse me.
- A
Is there a pharmacy near here?
- B
Yes, there's one on this street.
- A
Is it far?
- B
No, it's over there, next to the bank.
- A
Thank you very much.
- B
You're welcome.
会話：家で鍵を探す（Here they are! は「あ、ここにあった！」）
- A
Where are my keys?
- B
They're on the table, next to the phone.
- A
No, they're not there.
- B
Look in your bag.
- A
Oh, here they are!