英語の比較級・最上級と「同じくらい」の表現
車の値段や人の身長を例に、二つを比べる言い方と、グループの中で一番のものを選ぶ言い方を学びます。日本語の「より」に当たる語は比較相手の前に置き、短い形容詞には主に語尾を付け、長い形容詞には程度を表す語を前に添えます。「よい」は「better」「best」、「悪い」は「worse」「worst」と不規則に変わり、最上級では通常、定冠詞も必要です。「同じくらい」は形容詞を二つの語で挟み、「ほど〜ない」はこの課では否定文にせず、程度が低いことを表す語を形容詞の前に置きます。
比較に使う基本の語
「より高い・より難しい」と言う
a person or thing is more an adjective than another person or thing.
The red car is more expensive than the blue one.
This book is more difficult than that one.
身長やよさを比較する
a person or thing is a comparative adjective than another person or thing.
My sister is taller than me.
Your car is better than mine.
This chair is worse than the old one.
形容詞の比較級と最上級の一覧
| 形容詞の原形 | 比較級（より〜） | 最上級（一番〜） |
|---|---|---|
| Adjective | Comparative | Superlative |
| tall | taller | tallest |
| large | larger | largest |
| expensive | more expensive | most expensive |
| good | better | best |
| bad | worse | worst |
| My sister is taller than me. | ||
| Your car is better than mine. | ||
| This chair is worse than the old one. |
「相手ほど〜ではない」と言う
a person or thing is less an adjective than another person or thing.
The blue car is less expensive than the red one.
That book is less difficult than this one.
「同じくらい〜だ」と言う
a person or thing is as an adjective as another person or thing.
Is the red car as big as the blue one?
Yes, the red car is as big as the blue one.
My brother is as tall as my father.
グループの中で「一番〜」と言う
Of a group, a person or thing is the most an adjective.
Of these three cars, the red one is the most expensive.
Which of these books is the most difficult?
程度が一番低いものを表す
Of a group, a person or thing is the least an adjective.
Of these three books, this one is the least difficult.
Which of these cars is the least expensive?
会話：車の値段と大きさを比べる
- A
Which car is more expensive?
- B
The red car is more expensive than the blue one.
- A
Is the red car as big as the blue one?
- B
Yes, the red car is as big as the blue one.